Xylene, also known as dimethylbenzene, is a colorless, flammable liquid with a sweet, aromatic odor. It is a mixture of three isomers, including ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, and para-xylene, and is commonly used as a solvent in various industries, including chemicals, paints, and coatings.
Xylene is produced through the catalytic reforming of petroleum naphtha or through the catalytic hydrogenation of toluene. It is widely used as a solvent in the production of various chemicals, including phthalic anhydride, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), and isophthalic acid. It is also used as a solvent in the formulation of coatings, adhesives, and inks.
In the petroleum industry, xylene is used as a gasoline additive to increase octane ratings and reduce engine knock. It is also used in the production of polymers, plastics, and synthetic fibers.
Xylene is toxic and can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Prolonged exposure to xylene can also cause damage to the liver, kidneys, and nervous system.